Describe the software architecture, 3. Methods that evaluate several quality attributes and/or trade-off analysis are especially interesting. Interpretation of the results and draw conclusions from them. A quality attribute can be defined as a property of a software system [5]. Therefore, methods for evaluating the quality attributes of software architectures are important. The basic idea of a scenario-based architecture evaluation method is to refine quality attributes into concrete scenarios phrased by the stakeholders (developers, … The quality attributes are evaluated one at a time. ATAM has been used and validated in several studies [21, 32]. The context of software product lines imposes new requirements on architecture evaluation methods and this is discussed by Etxeberria and Sagarduia and reflects their classification framework. The simulation can be visualized using logs collected during the simulation. The execution times can either be identified by, e.g. These requirements are collected from the stakeholders of the system, e.g., users and developers. The methods are primarily targeted for performance evaluation. No specific methods evaluated testability or portability explicitly. An Empirical Evaluation of Deep Architectures on Problems with Many Factors of Variation (a) Linear model architecture (b) Single layer neural network architecture (c) Kernel SVM architecture Figure 1. Software quality is defined as the degree to which software possesses a desired combination of attributes [17]. The basic steps in the process are: select a perspective for the evaluation, define/select metrics, collect metrics, and evaluate/compare the architectures. We focus on methods for evaluating one or several of the quality attributes performance, maintainability, testability, and portability. 328 0 obj <> endobj To ensure the timely evaluation of project bids, the expected time and level of effort for the evaluation committee should be established and committed as soon as the bid closing date is known. The criteria of performance evaluation differ among the users and designers. RARE is able to perform static analysis of the architecture, e.g., coupling. This means that the architecture describes which high level components a software system consists of as well as which responsibilities that these components have towards other components in the system. Defining Complexity Factors for the Architecture Evaluation Framework. These factors and issues are not addressed since the majority of the found articles do not address these issues. India. describe in [26] a case study of a redesign/ reimplementation of a software system developed more or less in-house. The goal when using a queuing network model is often to evaluate the performance of software architecture or a software system. In this paper, we present a survey of software architecture evaluation methods. Search across a wide variety of disciplines and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions. The comparison and characterization framework in the survey comprises the following elements; the methods goal, which evaluation techniques are included in the method, quality attributes (what quality attributes and what number of quality attributes is considered), the software architecture description (what views are the foci and in which development phase), stakeholders’ involvement, the activities of the method, support for a reusable knowledge base and the validation aspect of the evaluation method. The survey by Etxeberria and Sagarduia [13] addresses an evaluation framework for software architecture evaluation methods addressing software product-line architectures. After the screening we had about 25 papers that contained architecture evaluation methods and experience reports from their use. The scenarios are then ordered according to priority, and their expected impact on the architecture. Further, the software architecture impacts the quality attributes of a system, e.g., performance … Lindvall et al. However, only two methods have been used by others than the original authors of the method. The identified evaluation criteria and questions for architectural documentation can be used by the enterprise and software architects in their architecture design and The goals of the method are to evaluate an architecture- level design that considers multiple quality attributes and to gain insight as to whether the implementation of the architecture will meet its requirements. SPE relies on two different models of the software system, i.e., a software execution model and a system execution model. The system execution model can be solved by using either mathematical methods or simulations. It incorporates aspects such as readability and understandability of the source code. The architecture evaluation is performed in six steps. We interpret this as portability not only between different hardware platforms and operating systems, but also between different virtual machines and versions of frameworks. Measurements, or estimated. Quasi-experimental 3. The authors argue for criteria addressing what it means to be an effective method, one that produces results of real benefit to the stakeholders in a predictable repeatable way, and a usable method one that can be understood and executed by its participants, learned reasonably quickly, and performed cost effectively. Further, the software architecture impacts the quality attributes of a system, e.g., performance and maintainability. We concentrate on methods for evaluating one or several of the quality attributes performance, maintainability, testability, and portability. 0 The objective of the Babar et al. Evaluation of the Indicative Factors and Its Relation with the Construction Costs. There is no explicit process defined that the evaluation should follow, but some guidance is provided. There exist a number of definitions of software architecture with minor differences depending on domain and people’s experience. Evaluation designs that collect quantitative data fall into one of three categories: 1. [20] presents additional requirements on what a software architecture method should support. The method can be used to evaluate various performance measures, e.g., response times, throughput, resource utilization, and bottleneck identification. This was followed up by the survey by Babar et al. In order to help software developers make sure that software architecture will be able to fulfill the quality requirements; several methods for evaluating software architectures have been proposed. Experience-based evaluations are based on the previous experience and domain knowledge of developers or consultants [2]. This fact sheet describes how the SEI's architecture evaluation methods can help you improve software development and quality and gain early confidence in achieving system-related business and mission goals. endstream endobj 329 0 obj <>/Metadata 37 0 R/Outlines 63 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 326 0 R/StructTreeRoot 68 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 330 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 331 0 obj <>stream The software product-line context survey by Etxeberria and Sagarduia [13] addresses evaluation methods from a prescribed way of developing software. The framework comprises the following elements; the method’s Maturity stage, what definition of software architecture is required, process support, the method’s activities, goals of the method, quality attributes, applicable project stage, architectural description, evaluation approaches (what types of evaluation approaches are included in the method? In total, we had 76 papers found from the database searches. In this paper we present a survey of software architecture evaluation methods. •An increased focus on validation of software architecture evaluation methods by people other than the method inventors. Considerations for CPU versus GPU Architecture Layout for Evaluation Boards. Only one (ATAM) of the remaining five methods addressing multiple attributes provides support for trade-off analysis between the quality attributes. Once, graphics boards or video cards - as they are sometimes called - were relegated to displaying (what we would call today low quality) imagery on computer screens. ARCADE makes it possible to evaluate dynamic attributes such as performance and reliability of the architecture. SAAM was originally focused on comparing modifiability of different software architectures in an organization’s domain. As a result, we excluded those papers from our survey since they did not document a repeatable evaluation method or process. Further, the waiting time and competition for resources are also modeled. L'étude scientifique des interactions de l'homme avec l'environnement architectural a commencé dans les années 1950. People who have encountered the requirements and domain of the software system before can based on the previous experience say if a software architecture will be good enough [8]. Download PDF Ask a question about this Fact Sheet. factors, comparison of architecture evaluation methods I. The Dobrica and Niemelä survey [11], the earliest one, presents and compares eight of the “most representative”, according to themselves, architecture evaluation methods. These quality attributes could be addressed by any of the three evaluation methods that are more general in their nature, i.e., that could address more arbitrary selected quality attributes, ATAM [21], SAAM [19], or the method by Lindvall et al. A system with high testability can be validated quickly. Software Architecture Analysis Method (SAAM) [19] is a scenario-based software architecture evaluation method, targeted for evaluating a single architecture or making several architectures comparable using metrics such as coupling between architecture components. In two of the cases, Dobrica and Niemelä [11] and Babar et al. In addition, some tools not only produce measures, but also have the ability to visualize the system behavior. A good software architecture increases the probability that the system will fulfill its quality requirements. “The degree to which a system or component accomplishes its designated functions within given constraints, such as speed, accuracy, or memory usage.”. [20], does not address a large number of architecture evaluation methods but uses two evaluation methods as examples for illustrating how the methods fulfill a number of criteria the authors argue are highly needed for an architecture evaluation method to be usable. There exist other quality attributes as well, e.g. •An increased research focus on software architecture evaluation methods than can address several quality attributes simultaneously, •An increased research focus on software architecture evaluation methods than can address the possible tradeoffs between different quality attributes, and. Maintainability is a multifaceted quality requirement. variability. The long-term focus forces the system to be maintainable and testable, it also makes portability important since the technical development on computer hardware technology moves quickly and it is not always the case that the initial hardware is available after a number of years. Authors: Muhammad Ali Babar. Software performance engineering (SPE) [36, 39] is a general method for building performance into software system. These four quality attributes are selected, not only for their importance for software developing organizations in general, but also for their relevance for organizations developing software in the real-time system domain in a cost effective way, e.g., by using a product-line approach. The evaluations were done in a late development stage, i.e., when the systems already were implemented. The paper outlines a process for empirically based software architecture evaluation. In this paper, the … Argus-I uses a formal description of a software architecture and its components together with state charts that describe the behavior of each component. Furthermore, a set of evaluation factors for the management of architecture documentation was identified. Further, we can observe that only one method exists that support trade-off analysis of software architectures. The method is general and several quality attributes can be analyzed concurrently, given that quality models are provided for the relevant quality attributes. Second, a large portion of the papers evaluated one or several quality attributes in a rather ad hoc fashion. Dans la plupart des sociétés antérieures à la Renaissance, il existait déjà des " architectes ", plus précisément appelés maître-maçon ou maître charpentier(Le charpentier est un professionnel du bâtiment qui réalise et pose des as… A key concept is that the performance shall be taken into consideration during the whole development process, not only evaluated or optimized when the system already is developed. Software architecture evaluation methods can be divided into four main categories, i.e., experience-based, simulation-based, mathematical modeling based. Contributing to the identification of these five influential factors, and their discussion, is a section of a questionnaire which was broadly aimed at discussing matters relating to software/system architecture descriptions and evaluation in industry. hޜWYO�H�+���Q���4��� �K �,����x!��(1����vL�IL@V������*��6��-���WhD��DF�3@9\Dr�6�h�T�� �ф��p�pƂ��G�t(a$'�M�����:М���a�z��;��u�~����sJ��r�.�-a�n5�0�cS:$���3z��ʉ����9?2x����B)�4.�/��*Y�yI8���%�?_��P/ϋ�۝г�����9��޻ƔYO���g�0aW�o�,&�'� SAAM has been used and validated in several studies [10, 12, 18, 19, 25]. Case-studies where maintainability and usability are evaluated have been reported in [18], and modifiability, performance, reliability, and security are explicitly stated in [21]. Since the architecture of a software system constrains the quality attributes, the decisions taken during architectural design have a large impact on the resulting system. 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An architectural design visit for more related articles at Journal of Global research in computer Sciences committee members should individually. Or simulations attributes [ 17 ] to a pre-defined template users and designers be analyzed concurrently, given quality. Survey each of the architecture evaluation factors attributes evaluation should follow, but also have the ability visualize...
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