health care delivery system in bangladesh

A health care system consists of all organizations; people and actions that promote restore or maintain health. Voice and accountability mechanism are almost non-existent. However, the use of CSC in health in Bangladesh has been limited. In Pakistan, health care delivery to the consumers is systematized through four modes of preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative services. Globally, HCDS becomes a highly competitive and rapidly growing service and needs special attentions from different domains. drugs, instruments, supplies, and technologies [11]. Moreover, across the world the HCDS varies from country to country and focusing on improving access, coverage and quality of services, however, it depends on the key resources being available, organized, managed, and utilized effectively. Both vertical and horizontal HCDS exists in Pakistan. Citation: Kumar S, Bano S. Comparison and Analysis of Health Care Delivery Systems: Pakistan versus Bangladesh. There is strong evidence that maternal iron deficiency anaemia increases the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Today, doctor to patient ratio in Pakistan 1:1300, doctor nurse ratio is 1:2.7, and nurse-patient ratio is 1:20 (Nishtar, 2006). The funding is dominated by out of pocket payments, government revenues, developmental partners, private insurances, external resources to NGOs and world funding [27]. Over the 45 years after independence, the HCDS of Bangladesh has gone through a number of reforms and established an extensive health infrastructure [12]. Welcome to Our Presentation Group-6 SHARIFUL ISLAM RAJU 063 105 030 MD.IFTEKHARUL HAQ 1511083030 ZAHIR UDDIN MD BABAR 1510642030 FAIZA FAIROOZ KHAN 1512505030 RAFIUL AHASAN 1510696030 ABDUL KARIM OPU 1510705030 2. However, certain private organizations in the country are well equipped with advanced technology, infrastructure, and HMIS. The major strength of HCDS of Pakistan is an outreach primary health care services delivered at the community level by Lady Health Workers (LHWs), Lady Health Visitors (LHVs), and Community Midwives (CMWs) who have earned success and trust in the communities [11]. In the early phase, the health system of Bangladesh was primarily focused on providing curative services but at present with the involvement of United Nations, private sectors, NGOs, and donor agencies the health system has shifted its emphasis equally both on curative and preventive services [14]. The author has argued that if the public hospitals could provide â¦ However, in Bangladesh, the Directorate General of Drug Administration (DGDA) is the supreme regulatory authority for drug-related affairs such as licensing, production, import, export, quality control and pricing [33]. A health Care System consists of all organizations; structural and non-structural resources, people and their coherent actions that promote, restore or maintain health. NEW SUPPLEMENT: Innovation in health systems in low- and middle-income countries. In this paper, we describe the protocol of a community-based cluster randomised controlled trial that aims to evaluate the impact of maternal antenatal IFA supplements on perinatal outcomes. In addition, equity must be the overarching guiding principle underpinning the health systems. Dispensing of medicines will be part of the profit made by village doctors and will provide them with a financial incentive. It comprised of unqualified allopathic providers (e.g., rural doctors, drug shop retailer), traditional healer, faith healer, Unani, and semi qualified allopathic providers (e.g., medical assistants, technician, and community health worker). The inadequacies of the formal healthcare sector in Bangladesh has resulted in a widespread increase in informal providers as an alternative source of care providing basic and essential outpatient health services to millions of poor people in the rural areas. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Mahmood, S.S., Rasheed, S., Chowdhury, A.H. et al. Community clinics, a flagship programme of the Government of Bangladesh, are health facilities set up to deliver primary health care, family planning and nutrition services to rural people at the grassroots level. Community clinics, a flagship programme of the Government of Bangladesh, are health facilities set up to deliver primary health care, family planning and nutrition services to rural people at the grassroots level. This study explores the existing health policy environment and current activities to further the progress towards Universal Health Coverage â¦ Bangladesh has National Drug Policy Act 1982 whose prime objective is to provide the quality essential drug at an affordable price. In the health care arena of Bangladesh, the doctor to patient ratio is 0.58:1000, and nurse-patient ratio is 0.3:1000 (Bangladesh Health Watch 2008; WHO, 2009). However, only a small proportion of the many investments in innovations have been shown to have an impact on health system performance at scale. The statistics of health professionals at Pakistan and Bangladesh is shown in Table 4. 1.1 The Public Health Care Delivery System Compared to many other developing countries, Bangladesh has a relatively developed public infrastructure of health facilities as well as a relatively extensive human resource base for the delivery of health and family planning services. Similarly, Bangladesh as compared to other developing countries is poor in the field of infrastructure, and human resources, and has no specific written policy for infrastructure development in the health sector [36]. This FHS Research Brief presents the learnings from the three cycles of community scorecard implementation in the intervention community clinics. The allocation of health care resources like finance and transport are not in use of need-based in the both countries. Moreover, Pakistan Nursing Council recommends that nurse-patient ratio in general area is 1:10, and in specialized are is 2:1. A “learning-by-doing” approach, using tools and techniques that are inclusive, participatory, and flexible, can help engagement and learning in different contexts to improve the delivery of health services. Hanifi SM, Ravn H, Aaby P and Bhuiya A (2018) Where girls are less likely to be fully vaccinated than boys: Evidence from a rural area in Bangladesh, Vaccine, 36(23):3323-30, DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.059. The aim is to provide a stronger basis for the formulation of strategies for managing health system change in low- and middle-income countries. Private sector services are too expensive for many and out of pocket expenditures for health care are high. iMedPub LTD Last revised : December 11, 2020, Select your language of interest to view the total content in your interested language, https://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s17305e/s17305e.pdf, https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/WDI-2013-ebook.pdf, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Communicable, maternal, perinatal, and nutritional diseases. The ministry and government should carefully allocate the available resources among the rural and urban population. Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the world, with about 185 million people and by 2050 it will become the fourth largest populated country in the world [5]. Improving Health Care Delivery in Bangladesh NGO representatives discuss health â¦ Catastrophic health expenditure forces 5.7 million Bangladeshis into poverty. The health care service delivery in Bangladesh starts from the Community Clinics (CC) in villages, Union Health and Family Welfare Centers (UHFWC) at unions (collection of villages), Upazila Health Complexes (UHC) at the sub-district level, and backed by District Hospital (DH). The Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP) is the authority that set policies, rules, and control pharmaceutical companies. In addition, the Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development, and Cooperatives play their part and manage the provision of urban primary care services. Stakeholders are not fully aware of clinics' purposes and there is weak communication and lack of involvement of local government institutions. List of Best Healthcare facilities Companies in Bangladesh, Top Healthcare facilities Companies in Bangladesh, Healthcare facilities Companies Near Me, Best Healthcare facilities Companies. Given these shortages â¦ Moreover, in the balanced health care system people receive a continuum of health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, disease management, rehabilitation and palliative care services, through the different levels and sites of care within the health system, and according to their needs throughout the life course [4]. The author concludes that good governance is important in ensuring effective health care delivery, and that returns to investments in health are low, where governance issues are not addressed. The primary objective of the authority is to ensure the quality, effectiveness, drug safety, implementing the policies and guidelines. In this paper, we will discuss HCDS of Pakistan in comparison to Bangladesh with areas of governance, service delivery, finance, information, human resources, and medical technologies and will analyze HCDS of both countries, and ends with challenges, recommendations to improve health care reforms and its utilization. The MOHFW has Directorates of General and Health Services (DGHS) and Family Planning (DGFP) that manage the dual system of general health and family planning across the country. The foreign aid as a percentage of total health sector allocation is about 2% only. However, utilisation of CC services is still very low. The private sector attends 70% of the population through a diverse group of trained health team members to traditional faith healers [10]. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) ranked Pakistan in the Human Development Index (HDI) 146th out of 187 countries. Many developing countries have used community scorecard (CSC) to encourage community participation in health. We investigated whether community scorecards (CSC) improve utilisation of health services provided by CCs in rural area of Bangladesh. The HCDS of Pakistan is summarized in Figure 1. You can set your address, phone number, email and site description in the settings tab.Link to read me page with more information. A memorandum of understanding outlining the responsibilities and objectives of SS was signed between each joining member and the network. Moreover, due to high population in Pakistan and Bangladesh, the health care professionals are less according to the population of the countries and also the existing professionals are untrained, underpaid, and depressed of important facilities for their practice. You can edit the text in this area, and change where the contact form on the right submits to, by entering edit mode using the modes on the bottom right. These components together will create a brand with serious content that is attractive to village doctors and even more attractive to customers through improvements in the quality of care. Engaging communities in health facility management and monitoring is an effective strategy to increase health system responsiveness. We would like to express our sincere gratitude Dr. Tazeen Saeed Ali, Associate Professor at Aga Khan University - School of Nursing and Midwifery Karachi and Dr. Aftab Mukhi for their continued support, motivations, and guidance at all the time. Currently, Pakistan is spending 0.4% of its GDPs on health and this amount is about 50 billion PKR . Organization is the system of consciously coordinated activities, goal-directed efforts for the controlled performance of collective goals [26]. Similarly, Bangladesh also achieved significant progress towards achieving the twin goals of eradicating poverty and promoting shared prosperity 2007. Iron-deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency globally. (2020) Do community scorecards improve utilisation of health services in community clinics: experience from a rural area of Bangladesh, Int J Equity Health 19, 149, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01266-5. The study has shown that training and branding has acceptability among village doctors although their behaviour has had no drastic changes due to the lack of financial incentives. Notable success has been achieved in the delivery of EPI, ORS, sanitation and family planning services for which Bangladesh is internationally recognized. In Bangladesh, supply-side financing has historically been the backbone of health care services as a strategy to improve the access of poor households to essential health care services. USAID assists Bangladesh to strengthen its public health systems with an emphasis on improving primary health care delivery at the community level. Using Bangladeshâs two decades of experience with contracting out Urban Primary Health Care (UPHC), this paper identifies contextual, contractual, and actor-related â¦ Health System of Bangladesh â¦ A small booklet with information on what to do and what not to do for eleven common illnesses was distributed as a source of future reference. All of the 157 village doctors (VDs) practicing in the intervention areas were invited to participate in a free training in managing common illnesses such as pneumonia, diarrhea, hepatitis, malaria, tuberculosis, viral fever, and various complications related to labor and delivery. The core primary health care facilities in Bangladesh are CCs. The public health sector facilities in Bangladesh are poorly equipped with medical equipment and instruments. Though in Pakistan, the infrastructure of health care centers like BHUs and RHCs are present but it is poorly maintained, not well equipped and lacks human workforce especially in rural areas. Private facilities which are steadily growing now provide mainly for-profit curative services and handle more than half of all facility birth deliveries. It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering 881,913 km2 (340,509 sq mi). There is a large cadre of health care providers in the informal sector is evident in both Pakistan and Bangladesh. The government of Bangladesh initiated community clinics (CC) to extend the reach of public health services and these facilities were planned to be run through community participation. These challenges must be resolved in order to improve the existing health system so that the disadvantaged and vulnerable people can get better access to basic health care services. Currently, a pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan is rapidly developing and has 411 registered manufacturing divisions and 30 multinational companies across the country. The health system of Pakistan has different tiers of organizations and delivery service. The contributions of the overall disease in terms of percentages in Pakistan and Bangladesh are shown in Table 2. This paper looks at factual evidence to describe the main challenges facing health care delivery in Bangladesh, including absenteeism, corruption, shortage of doctors/nurses, inefficiency and mismanagement. Moreover, Bangladesh has one of the worst nursephysician ratios, and it has only one nurse per three physicians. Public Health Administration in Bangladesh: Looking for a Pro-people Policy HCDS of both countries hugely relies on private organizations and these organizations provide the more advanced facilities but the whole population of the countries cannot afford these facilities. Several organizations and donor agencies have made significant contributions to improve health outcomes in Pakistan for over last few decades. In addition, an armed force hospital across the country has well-built infrastructure, HMIS, and proper technology utilization. Currently, health services in Pakistan are a major obligation and constitutionally a provincial subject except for federally administered areas. On the other hand, Bangladesh has surpassed many neighboring countries in South Asia as well as other developing countries in terms of progress in achieving the health-related MDGs. The Health Bulletin 2009 is an attempt of Management Information System (MIS) of DGHS to provide an overview of the current health profiles of Bangladesh. This study analyses the responsiveness of outpatient care to assess the quality of urban primary health care among all 5 types of health care providers in Bangladesh, namely, the Urban Primary Health Care Services Delivery Project, the NGO Health Services Delivery Project (NHSDP), NGOs, private hospitals, and the Ministry of â¦ Furthermore, in Pakistan under article 18th amendment the health care services are the obligations of provisional government except for the federal area. This proven approach effectively identifies barriers to healthy pregnancy and ways that communities can improve access to health care. Though these are not part of mainstream health system but a major health care provider to poor rural population, especially in remote and hard to reach an area. The optimal HCDS integrates the different health services encompasses the management and delivery of quality and safe health services [3]. It has no pharmaceuticals industry at a time of independence. Bangladesh health care services are shown in Table 3. The provision of basic health services in Bangladesh is pluralistic with four key actors that define its structure and function: government, private, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and donor agencies [13]. Health infrastructure To ensure equitable healthcare for every resident in Bangladesh, an extensive network of health services has been established. IFA supplements have also been found to reduce the preterm delivery rate and neonatal mortality attributable to prematurity and birth asphyxia. There are now also some demand-side financing mechanisms, such as a maternal health voucher scheme implemented in â¦ Strengthening the health system through better management and organization and effective use of resources can improve health conditions and enhance the quality of health care delivery in Bangladesh. 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Doctors themselves, dispensing prescription drugs will be part health care delivery system in bangladesh the most successful and effective health intervention reduce... 1:10, and tertiary ( Figure 1 are a major obligation and constitutionally a provincial subject except the.
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