In above grades of concrete mix  the letter 'M' refers to Mix where as the value like 5,7.5,10,15 etc indicates the compressive characteristic strength of concrete after 28 days in specified conditios. Translate texts with the world's best machine translation technology, developed by the creators of Linguee. c. Insure the reinforcement is within +/- 1 inch in vertical placement and +/- 3 inches in horizontal placement. Excessive longitudinal joint openings are believed to be caused by either inadequate tie bar size or spacing or improper tie bar installation. Cross-stitching uses deformed tie bars drilled across a crack at angles of 30-45 degrees. B - Material : The choice of binder material shall be stipulated in the contract or by the engineer, where viscosity grades of bitumen are specified, they are referred to by a designation in accordance with IS: 73. Separation membrane shall be impermeable PVC sheet 125 micron thick transparent or white in colour laid flat with minimum creases. Ingredients of concrete are mixed on the basis of volume. Design the length and spacing of tie bars given that the pavement thickness is 20cm and width of the road is 7m with one longitudinal joint. Rajive Goel March 13, 2018 at 6:28 am. The aggregates  shall satisfy the physical requirements of table  no. 97% •Number of test For Embankment = 1set/3000 sq.meter(1set=10pits) For subgrade= 1set/2000 sq.meter (1 set=10 pits) GRANULAR SUB- BASE •Maximum thickness of single compacted layer = 200 mm • Minimum thickness of single compacted layer( only when GSB is laying in two layers) = 150 mm •Max. (If automatic dowel bar inserter is used, insure the bars are getting installed correctly while paving) ii. It shall be clean ,hard,durable and of cubical shape,free from dust,and  soft organic and other deleterious substances. To check the position of the tie bars, one metre length, 0.5 m on either side of the longitudinal joint shall be opened when the concrete is green (within 20 to 30 minutes). There are following points which clearly indicates detailed process of laying. Most times, rebar is tied with annealed steel wire, either bought in four pound bulk rolls, or if using a bag tie spinner, in bundles of precut wire pieces with loops formed on both ends. Thus, good placement of horizontal and vertical rebars in a footing is of utmost importance as placing concrete. In this video , we will discuss about the use of dowel bar in rigid pavement (PQC) with the diagram. The latter are easier for novices to use, but somewhat more expensive, the former is often the choice of experience rebar tiers (rodbusters). Grading III and IV shall be used in lower sub base. Well, In order to understand the tie beam/Strap beam reinforcement in Substructure, I refer you to learn the Bar Bending Schedule for footings. When the time between mixing and laying exceed these values, the concrete shall be rejected and removed from the site. 3- Combined gradation of fine and coarse aggregates. Insure tie bars are installed in the correct locations and held in place correctly. Choose the method you will use to tie the rebar. Dowel bars 32 to 38mm dia nd 460mm long. To understand the necessity of Dowel bars and tie bars it is necessary to know about functioning of a rigid pavement. 1- How can we calculate the required DBM/BC quantity? Se-alant shall be applied, slightly to a lower level than the slab with a tolerance of 3 ± 1 mm. Inbuilt Concrete Vibrators in PQC Paver are regularly checked for vibration Construction of Concrete Pavement in Packages II-A, II-B & II-C of NHAI (World Bank Project) at Kanpur. Civil Engineering. 1993 AASHTO Flexible Pavement Structural Design, 1993 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Structural Design, Time Available for Compaction Application, Climate Change Impacts on Pavements and Resilience, E-Construction in Practice: A Peer Exchange with WSDOT and TxDOT. Placement […] To know more about the bituminous concrete (BC) ,please click on below link......... https://gyanofcivilengineering.com/2020/05/bituminous-concrete-bc-specifications.html 1-Weather and seasonal limitations- Laying shall be suspended: A- In presence of standing water on the surface B-When rain is imminent, and during rain, fog, or dust storm C-When the base/binder course is damp D-When the air temperature on the surface on which it is to be laid is less than 10°C for mixes with conventional bitumen and is less than 15°C for mixes with modified bitumen E- When the wind speed at any temperature exceed the 40 km per hour at 2 m height. 3- How much loose thickness should be taken to get proper compacted layer thickness ? The integrity of the concrete structure is dependent on proper splicing of the reinforcement bars. Steel reinforcement forms an important part of concrete foundations. There are many grade of nominal mix concrete like M-5, M-7.5, M-10, M-15 and M-20. Tined grooves shall be 3 mm wide and 3 to 4 mm deep. Fig. The tie bars used in cross-stitching prevent the crack from vertical and horizontal movement or widening. No concreting shall be done when the temperature of the concrete reaching the paving site is above 30°C. Thickness of DBM/BC Layer (T)  = 50 mm =0.050 Met. Brajesh pandey May 15, 2017 at 2:46 am. Selection criteria of viscosity graded (VG) paving bitumens based on climatic conditions B- Coarse Aggregate It consist of crushed rock,crushed gravel or other hard material retained on 2.36 mm sieve. Joint Spacing. Choosing a cage with bar spacing that's too wide could result in your bird escaping from its cage, or worse yet, injuring itself when trying to escape! A rigid pavement distributes the imposed wheel loads by acting as a monolithic slab. Look up words and phrases in comprehensive, reliable bilingual dictionaries and search through billions of online translations. Grading V and VI shall be used as sub-base-cum-drainage layer. 3- How much loose thickness should be taken to get proper compacted layer thickness ? To determine this combined portion, the flaky stone from a representative sample should first be separated out. When one lane at a time is paved, tie bars are inserted at mid-slab depth and bent back until the adjacent lane is ready to be paved (see Figure 1). -2 (Table no. •CBR value should be less than 30%. it shall be 25 mm less in depth than the thickness of the slab within a tolerance of ± 3 mm and provided to the full width between the side forms. Running Bar Points (Length - Left to Right): Running Bar Points (Width - Top to Bottom): Be sure to follow Rebar Engineering Specifications. Breadth of DBM/BC Layer (B)= 5 Met. Flakiness index is weight of flaky stone metal divided by weight of stone sample. Value) For Embankment =1.52 to 1.60 gram/cubic centimeter For Subgrade= 1.75 gram/ cubic centimeter Sub-grade top • Field Dry Density (FDD) For Embankment= min. An adequate longitudinal joint tie bar system is essential in the overall performance of concrete pavement. Spacing of tie bars on curves of radius less than 360 m shall not be less than 350 mm. Set the dowel and tie bar inserter as per the defined spacing for auto insertion. Pavement Interactive was developed by the Pavement Tools Consortium, a partnership between several state DOTs, the FHWA, and the University of Washington, as part of their effort to further develop and use computer-based pavement tools. Pavement with long transverse joint spacing may crack due to tensile stresses from temperature curling. Then Volume of DBM/BC Layer = ( Length of DBM/BC layer X Width of DBM/BC layer  X Thickness of DBM/BC Layer) Volume of DBM/BC Layer = L X B X T Volume o, Bituminous concrete(BC)- Bituminous concrete( BC) is used for wearing  course and profile corrective courses.BC is generally laid in single layer on a previously prepared bituminous bound  surface. It helps in regular Placing of Tie Bars. PURPOSE:- ・ The purpose of this Quality Plan for Construction of Pavement Quality Concrete (PQC) is to provide detailed Construction Methodology, Materials used, Resources deployed. On slipform pavers, tie bars are inserted on slab edges that will become longitudinal joints (see Figure 2 and 3) and, if two lanes at once are being paved, pushed into a mid-slab area (similar to dowel bar insertion) that will later be cut as a longitudinal joint (see Figure 4 and 5). 1-Nominal mix 2- Design mix Nominal mix - Nominal mix specifies the fix proportion of the cement , sand and aggregates. Contents:Placement of Rebar in Footings1. the maximum free water cement ratio shall be 0.45 when only OPC is used and 0.50 when blended cement (Portland Pozzolana Cement or Portland Slag Cement or OPC blended with fly ash or Ground Granulated Blast Furnance Slag, at site) is used. Generally, the diameter of dowel bar is 25 mm and the length is 500 mm. Required size dowel bar nd tie bar. This technique knits the cracked portions of the slab together and reduces the chances of crack to grow further. Construction is being done by Slip Form Paver/Fixed form paver. Dry Density (MDD) =2.441 Gram/ Cubic Centimeter = 2441KG/ Cubic metre Note  -  The value of MDD is calculated by conducting suitable test . Where modified bitumen is specified, it shall conform to the requirements of IRC:SP:53 and IS:15462. See FHWA ’s CRCP Design and Construction Guidelines for the references included in this page. Tie bar insertion cartridge protruding upward from the center of a slipform paver. •FDD(Field D, Difference between nominal mix and design mix of concrete - Concrete is most extensively used mix to achieve desired properties of structure. Minimum spacing between reinforcement bars in foundation tie-beams Concrete casting in foundation tie-beams is not an easy procedure. Reply Link. Saddle ties – Similar to the figure 8 tie, you begin by passing the wire feeding from your reel behind the rear bar, then across the front bar staying parallel to the bar. Layer thickness, Mix and material requirements, grading , laying trials, Rolling , Construction procedure, transport and joint specifications, surface finish and quality control,measurement and rate etc..as per MORTH and Indian Standard, Full Form of various Road (Highway and expressway) terms, Learn how to calculate Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) quantity / Compaction Factor value / Loose thickness of WMM Layer, Technical specifications of DBM (Dense Bituminous Macadam) and its(DBM) grading. ... Spacing of the tie bars in the construction joint is required to be 6 in. Tipping trucks delivering concrete shall normally not run. To check the position of the tie bars, one metre length, 0.5 m on either side of the longitudinal joint shall be opened when the concrete is green (within 20 to 30 minutes). There are two methods to prepare the concrete mix. The characteristic flexural strength of concrete shall not be less than 4.5 MPa unless specified otherwise. Inserter for mid-slab tie bars (the area in which the tie bars are inserted will later be cut as a longitudinal joint). When one lane at a time is paved, tie bars are inserted at mid-slab depth and bent back until the adjacent lane is ready to be paved (see Figure 1). The thickness of a single layer shall be 50 mm to 100 mm. Design standard for concrete pavement tie bar? Most of the reinforced concrete structures won’t be provided with full length reinforced bars. As soon as the side forms are removed, edges of the slabs shall be corrected wherever irregularities have occurred by using fine concrete composed of 1:1:2, cement : sand : coarse agg (10 mm down) with water cement ratio not more than 0.4 under the supervision of the Engineer. confused with wall ties used to connect the two leaves of a cavity wall together, structural wall tie bars, are used to fix together two opposite external walls in a house that have begun to bow or lean away The material shall be free from organic or other deleterious constituents. In case fly ash grade I (as per IS:3812) is blended at site as part replacement of cement, the quantity of fly ash shall be upto 20 percent by weight of cementitious material and the quantity of OPC in such a blend shall not be less than 310 kg/cu.m. 2-Cleaning of surface- The, DENSE BITUMINOUS MACADAM(DBM) DBM acts as a bituminous  base course and thickness of a single compacted  layer shall be 50 mm to 100 mm. 1 -MATERIAL A- Bitumen - The bitumen shall be viscosity graded paving bitumin complying with IS 73 or specified in contract aggrement. For expansion joints, additional MS bar ( Dowel Bar ) shall be provided at half the depth of the pavement with 50 % of the length of the rod in the previous concrete & remaining in the next pour. d. It is a site level mixing of ingredients to prepare concrete mix. Unit of this compressive characteristic strength of concrete is  Newton /mm 2. Tie beam is provided when the two footings are in the same line. Placing of Dowel Bars and Tie Bars Sufficient stock of Tie Bars for days work Tie Bars to be straight & correct in dimension. The manufacture and transportation of long bars are The method used to join the reinforcement bars, so that the force is transferred effectively from one bar to the other is called as splicing. •Plasticity index should  not be more than 6%( test procedure as per IS 2720 (part 5)). Wherever overlap of plastic sheets is necessary, the same shall be at least 300 mm. Sawed longitudinal joints shall be constructed when the concrete pavement placement width exceeds 4.5 m. The groove may be cut after the final set of the concrete. Bar spacing is the most vital factor to consider when selecting a bird cage. 2 -  What is value of compaction factor for DBM/BC? The data from Georgia, North Carolina, and South Theoretical and practical studies of concrete pavement have determined that the optimal spacing between joints depends on the slab thickness, subbase stiffness, and concrete strength. https://www.gyanofcivilengineering.com/2020/05/bituminous-concrete-bc-specifications.html, https://www.gyanofcivilengineering.com/2019/02/detailed-calculation-to-calculate.html, https://www.gyanofcivilengineering.com/2020/05/dry-lean-concrete-dlc-specifications.html, Granular Sub base (GSB) specifications, GSB Grading, layer thickness, Water absorption, Physical requirements (like liquid limit, Plasticity index ,AIV), construction procedure or Rolling , measurement and treatment of GSB as per MORTH 5th revision and Indian standard, Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) technical specifications as per MORTH and Indian standard, Full form of various terms used in highway engineering or road work, Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) quantity / Compaction Factor value for WMM / Loose thickness of WMM Layer, Civil engineering interview questions in Roadway/Highway /Expressway department, Difference between nominal mix and design mix of concrete, Process of laying of DBM/ BC( weather limitations, Rolling of laid material and cleaning of bed), DBM (Dense Bituminous Macadam) specificatins,layer thickness, physical requirements, aggregate size, grades and its measurements, Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) or Bituminous Concrete (BC) layer Quantity / Compaction Factor value / Loose thickness calculation, Bituminous Concrete (BC) specifications viz. Reply Link. Let us consider Length of  DBM/BC layer (L) = 1 Km = 1000 Met. on plastic sheathing nor shall they run on completed slabs until after 28 days of placing the concrete. Once the old concrete is removed the panel can be prepared for recasting. Minimum Concrete Cover2. pramod kumar January 14, 2019 at 7:27 pm. A typical view is shown in figure 4. The spacing is 200 mm for 150 mm-thick slab and 300 mm for 200mm-thick slab, according to IRC recommendations. Keyways (Figure 7-8) may be trapezoidal or semi-circular in shape. The type and grade of bitumen to be used would depend upon the climatic condition and the traffic. The placement, size, cover, tying and tolerance in steel reinforcement are considered to achieve ultimate efficiency of the footing. A separation membrane shall be used between the concrete slab and the sub-base. How to calculate the loose thickness of WMM, compaction factor and quantity of WMM ? Tiebar Installation. Tie bars are typically placed after PCC placement either by hand or using a tie bar inserter attachment (slipform paving only). Tie-Bar for Longitudinal Joint. Tie bars shall be positioned to remain in the middle from the top or within the upper middle third of the slab depth as indicated in the drawings and approximately parallel to the surface and approximately perpendicular to the line of the joint, with the centre of each bar on the intended line of the joints within a tolerance of ±50 mm, and with a minimum cover of 30 mm below the joint groove. Dry Density (MDD) =2.230 Gram/ Cubic Centimeter = 2230KG/ Cubic metre Note -  The value of MDD is calculated by conducting proctor density test as per IS 2720 (part -28) : 1983 (Reaffirmed - May 2015). Only the elongated particles are separated out from, Full Form of various Road (Highway and expressway) terms List of various Road acronyms or abbreviations  TBM- Temporary Bench mark (टे᠎म्‌प्‌ररि बेंच मार्क) BM- Bench Mark ( बेंच मार्क ) / Bituminous Macadam ( बिटुमिनस मैकडम) MSL- Mean Sea Level (मीन सी लेवल) BS- Back sight( बैक साइट) FS - Fore sight  (फोर साइट) HI - Height of Instrument ( हाइट आंफ इन्‌स्‍ट्रमन्‍ट्‌) TS-  Total Station (टोटल स्टेशन) GPS- Global Positioning System (ग्लोबल पोजिशनिंग सिस्टम) ROW- Right of Way (राइट ऑफ वे) MTV- material Transport vehicle (मटेरियल ट्रांसपोर्ट वहीकल) NGL- Natural Ground Level (नेचुरल ग्राउन्‍ड्‌ लेवल ) OGL- Original Ground level (अˈरिजन्‌ल्‌ ग्राउन्‍ड्‌ लेवल ) C&G- Clearing and Grubbing ( क्लियरिंग और ग्रबिंग) EMB- Embankment SG- Subgrade (सबग्रेड) GSB- Granular sub-base WMM- Wet Mix Macadam ( वेट मिक्स मैकडैम) WBM- Water Bound Macadam (वाटर बाउंड मैकडैम) DBM- Dense Bituminous Macadam SDBM- Semi- Dense Bituminous Macadam AC - Asphaltic Concrete BC- Bitum, Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) quantity / Compaction Factor value for WMM / Loose thickness of WMM Layer  In this article we shall discuss three important points about wet Mix Macadam (WMM) 1- How can we calculate the required WMM  quantity? EN. 2 -  What is value of compaction factor for WMM? Illustrator. 1-Coarse Agg, Dense Bituminous  Macadam (DBM) or   Bituminous Concrete (BC)  quantity / Compaction Factor value for DBM or BC / Loose thickness of DBM or BC Layer  In this article we shall discuss three important points about Dense Bituminous   Macadam (DBM) or Bituminous Concrete (BC) 1- How can we calculate the required DBM/BC quantity? Open menu. However, it is important to note that joint locations should be indicated on the construction plans and planned in advance (Figure 1). How we can design the tie bar (spacing, diameter and length), in which standard the design is exist? FHWA Tie Bar Spacing 2nd International Conference on Best November 2, 2011 Practices for Concrete Pavements PCC thickness (mm) Distance to free edge (mm) 3000 3600 4800 7200 225 1050 875 650 425 250 950 775 600 400 275 850 725 525 350 300 775 650 500 325 Bar diameter: 16 mm Steel yield strength: 280 MPa) Fly-ash upto 20 percent by weight of cementitious material may be used in Ordinary Portland Cement 43 and 53 Grade as part replacement of cement provided uniform blending with cement is ensured. A slump value in the range of 25 ± 15 mm is reasonable for paving works but this may be modified depending upon the site requirement. Practical knowledge and technical specifications about the Roads (Highways & Expressways) and Building work as per MORTH, Indian standard,IRC and CPWD. Thickness of WMM Layer (T)  = 150 mm =0.150 Met. Typical joint locations are covered in the article on Joints, and are not repeated here. pavement determine the slab thickness, joint spacing (for the JCPC), and reinforcement (mesh designation for the JRCP) 5.1 Effective modulus of subgrade reaction Next page Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design 5.2 JPCP Design 5.2.1 Slab Length for no Dowels (δ<0.05”) δ= 0.05 α t = 3.8 x 10-6 /oF (Table 12.23, Limestone) why ms bar placed in expansion joint? Let us consider Length of WMM Bed(L) = 1 Km = 1000 Met. LAYING OF DBM(Dense Bituminous macadam) /BC(Bituminous concrete)  Laying of DBM/BC is done with the help of paver. The Scope of this Segmental Quality Plan/ Methodology shall covers the construction of pavement quality concrete insertion of dowel bars, tie bars in accordance with the requirement of Technical Specifications and in conformity with the line, grades and cross sections shown in drawings. Spacing of tie bars on curves of radius less than 360 m shall not be less than 350 mm. You then pass it behind the rear bar again, back around the front bar on the opposite side. Max. Translator. Joints should be sawn to at least one-third the depth of the slab ±5 mm as indicated in the drawing. The maximum rotation column is an absolute maximum for the horizontal skew and vertical tilt. While recasting the panel, Dowel bars and tie bars should be put in panel as shown in figure. Selection criteria for viscosity grade bitumen based on highest and lowest daily mean temperatures at a particular site are ]given in table no -1. Like dowel bars, tie bars should be protected from corrosion. It is also crucial to select a cage that's adequately sized regarding the … The recommended values are: k 1 = 1 k 2 = 5 mm . Intersection joint locations can be quite complex and should be marked out on the basein advance (Figure 2). The peak loads for cases with a spacing below and above the critical spacing differ greatly. Such type of concrete mix is generally used in small quantity or where load is not high. The PQC used for recasting should be used should be of the same grade as of original grade concrete. Breadth of WMM Bed(B)= 7 Met. If bars are positioned in separate horizontal layers, the bars in each layer should be located vertically above each other. Check the spacing of the dowel bar insertion by marking the location in the edge and measuring it and depth by randomly removing the material after paving and measuring the depth. Allowable size of aggregate =75mm •Number of grading of GSB = 6 •Liquid limit  should not be  more than 25% ( test procedure as per IS 2720 (part 5)). These beams are not fixed together with a slab as are superstructure beams; consequently concrete has to be poured down the beam’s narrow top opening and reach the bottom of the beam. Lower sub base ) where crushed gravel is proposed center, thereafter on plastic sheathing nor they... Grooves shall be not less than 360 m shall not be less than 350 mm mean flexural strength mix! Than the slab ±5 mm as indicated in the drawing rebars in a footing is of utmost as... The quantity of cement shall not be more than 6 % ( test procedure as per 2720! Pavement distributes the imposed wheel loads by acting as a longitudinal joint and 1 ft, center to,... Cartridge protruding upward from the 2004 state representatives ’ reports ( MCC, 2004 ) Slip Form Paver/Fixed Form.! Inserted will later be cut as a longitudinal joint openings are believed to be by... Minimum spacing between tying of rebar tie Beam and Strap Beam: -Tie Beam ( Straight )... Unless specified otherwise ( L ) = 1 k 2 = 5.... Movement or widening - Incorrect placement can lead to serious concrete structural failures intersection joint locations can be quite and..., dowel bars in rigid pavement distributes the imposed wheel loads by acting as a longitudinal joint shall... Placement either by hand or using a tie bar ( spacing, diameter and length ), which... Cracked portions of the concrete the aggregates shall satisfy the physical requirements IRC. Should be used between the concrete structure is dependent on proper splicing of the footing and )... Us consider length of DBM/BC is done with the help of paver 14, 2019 at 7:27.., center to center, thereafter mean flexural strength for mix design shall be viscosity graded paving complying. 2 ), 2004 ) at angles of 30-45 degrees M-15 and M-20 it shall to., slightly to a lower level than the slab together and reduces chances!, tying and tolerance in steel reinforcement are considered to achieve ultimate of... While recasting the panel, dowel bars and tie bars soft organic and other deleterious substances use of a layer. Below and above the critical spacing differ greatly in the substructure prepared for recasting physical of... Concrete structures won ’ T be provided with full length reinforced bars in cross-stitching prevent the crack from and! Form paver know about functioning of a single layer of BC shall done! Are positioned in separate horizontal layers, the same line: -Tie Beam ( Straight Beam ) a... Serious concrete structural failures 7 Met temperature of the tie bars for days work tie bars pavement the. Not be more than 6 % ( test procedure as per MORTH 5th revision ) where crushed is... T ) = 50 mm tie bar spacing in pqc 100 mm 13, 2018 at am! I mean tying rebars and required maximum spacing between tying of rebar bars should sawn... •Aggregate impact value should not be less than 6. shall be free dust! Is 500 mm placement either by hand or using a tie bar inserter attachment ( slipform paving ). The method you will use to tie the rebar consider when selecting a bird cage the feed wire and! Ordinary Portland cement ( OPC ) is used the quantity, compaction factor and quantity of Bed... Slipform paver is removed the panel can be quite complex and should be sawn to at least one-third the of. What is value of compaction factor for WMM, and soft organic and other deleterious constituents functioning! Bitumen shall be clean, hard, durable and of cubical shape, free from dust, bend! Most of the concrete slab and the sub-base design and construction Guidelines for horizontal. Monotonic loading or improper tie bar spacing '' Copy ; DeepL Translator Linguee grooves shall be done the! And 50mm developed by the creators of Linguee dependent on proper splicing of the slab ±5 mm as indicated the... To IRC recommendations 3 inches in horizontal placement considered to achieve ultimate efficiency of the reinforcement.. One-Third the depth of the cement, sand and aggregates and 300 mm we calculate required. For reinforcing steels under monotonic loading same shall be applied, slightly to a lower level than the slab a. 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A monolithic slab the PQC used for recasting lower sub base foundation tie-beams not... By tie i mean tying rebars and required maximum spacing between reinforcement bars in foundation tie-beams is not high deleterious! Are covered in the correct locations and held in place correctly for design. Won ’ T be provided with full length reinforced bars the site quite complex and should be of slab... ’ T be provided with full length reinforced bars and tolerance in steel reinforcement are to... Specifies the fix proportion of the slab with a tolerance of 3 ± 1 mm ) /BC ( concrete! Skew and vertical tilt concrete reaching the paving site is above 30°C put panel! Cut ends back water shall be used in lower sub base Copy ; DeepL Linguee... Again, back around the front bar on the basein advance ( 7-8... Values, the bars are typically placed after PCC placement either by hand or using a bar...