Mental anguish damages are usually connected to cases involving wrongful death, disfigurement or serious bodily injury that led to profound sadness and distress for the injured individual. For more mental health resources, see our National Helpline Database. Psychological pain can also contribute to or worsen physical pain in different areas of the body. Some common types of physical pain that may be connected to emotional distress include: Emotional pain can also be accompanied by: Such behaviors are often an attempt to diffuse or escape the intense dysphoria caused by emotional pain. Front Psychol. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. The injuries you have are not limited to your physical body - they can and do include your emotional state. The psychology of pain is the interpretation or meaning we give to that pain signal—the internal self-talkand beliefs about it which then drive our emotional reactions. 2019;10:289. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00289, Eisenberger NI. 2012;34(4):414-31. Antidepressants, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Prozac (fluoxetine) and Zoloft (sertraline). This needless emotional pain that we generate ourselves is what I call emotional suffering. This becomes significant in severe personal injury cases where a victim is injured so badly their life may never be the same. Adding up the cost of psychiatric treatments you required as a result of your traumatic incident is one of the simplest methods of putting a … In other cases, it might be the result of an underlying mental health condition such as depression or anxiety. The award for emotional distress depends on factors such as medical bills, out of pocket expenses, pain and suffering, lost wages, or loss of enjoyment of life. To show your emotional pain and suffering reaches a level of trauma that would require additional damages to be paid to you, there are several factors you need to show: This is where an experienced personal injury lawyer in Los Angeles can help you. Sometimes this emotional distress is the result of the actions of others. As part of a pain and suffering claim, your emotional distress damages will require a legal argument, documentation, and evidence. I prefer to start with the body sensations level of emotional pain because we get too easily sucked into the mental thoughts or the emotional whirlpools. ©2020 Steinberg Injury Lawyers, All Rights Reserved, Reproduced with Permission, 7 BIGGEST MISTAKES That Can Ruin Your California Injury Case, 7 Big Mistakes to Avoid After a Motorcycle or Bicycle Accident, Distracted Teen Driving- A Guide & Contract for Parents, What to Do if You Are Hit by an Emergency Vehicle, What to Do After a Truck Accident in Los Angeles, Woodland Hills, CA - Five Car Pile Up On The 101, Inglewood, CA - Car Collides With Strip Mall. The intensity of your emotional distress; The length of time you’ve suffered and if that will continue; A note from your doctor regarding your psychological symptoms. Block, MD, Verywell Mind uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. • Emotional Distress: Emotional distress can be a combination of other types of pain and suffering. Non-economic damages refer to the more subjective costs of an injury, including physical and emotional pain and suffering. Malays J Med Sci. By using Verywell Mind, you accept our, How to Deal With Negative Emotions and Stress, How Accepting Emotions Improves Mental Health, How Your Depression and Anger Might Be Related, Why Irritability Can Be a Symptom of a Mental Condition, Why Trying to Numb Emotional Pain With Drugs Makes the Problem Worse, Explore a List of Psychological Disorders From the DSM-5, Understanding Hysteria in the Past and Present, ACT for Emotional Pain Experienced From PTSD Symptoms, How to Use Your Innate Distress Tolerance to Manage Intense Emotions, Teens With Untreated Depression Could Face Many Consequences, How Moderate Depression Differs From Mild and Severe Depression, The Comedown, Crash, or Rebound Effect You Get After Taking Drugs, Daily Tips for a Healthy Mind to Your Inbox, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline, Effects of anger awareness and expression training versus relaxation training on headaches: A randomized trial, Anxiety and alcohol use disorders: Comorbidity and treatment considerations. Other times, it might be the result of regret, grief, or loss. Also Known As: Psychic pain, spiritual pain, psychalgia, emotional suffering, psychological pain, algopsychalia, soul pain, or mental pain. Pain is real and we need to feel and experience the pain (not fix it) to allow healing to take place. It can be mobilizing at times; however, if it's not adequately managed, this response can lead to long-term physical consequences.. Some researchers argue that rather than viewing emotional pain and physical pain as fundamentally different, they should be conceptualized as both being part of a broader pain continuum. Some types of pain are purely physical while others are purely emotional; but many times, pain lies somewhere in the middle. Superstitious beliefs take second place right after spirituality. 2018;9:249. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00249, Ⓒ 2020 About, Inc. (Dotdash) — All rights reserved. emotional distress or “mental anguish” a person endures after being injured by the negligent acts of the at-fault party And why it matters, Acute bouts of exercising improved mood, rumination and social interaction in inpatients with mental disorders, Compulsive behaviors including shopping, gambling, and sex addiction. In other cases, it might be the result of an underlying mental health condition such as depression or anxiety. Sickening. Contact us today for a free, no obligation evaluation of your case to see how we can help you move forward and get back to the life you love. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Even with todays advanced medical technology, the best method doctors have for measuring a patients pain is a self-rated pain scale. The emotional distress you’re feeling won’t go away on its own. What is "Pain and Suffering?" Emotional distress is mental harm or anguish because of someone else’s actions. Psychotherapy to treat emotional may involve the use of talk therapy, including specific approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Med Humanit. It’s real and distressing. And why it matters. If you’ve been in a serious accident or suffered an injury that left you with emotional scars as well as physical ones, you’re not alone. 2013;46(2):181-92. doi:10.1007/s12160-013-9500-z. It can also have a detrimental impact on both short-term and long-term mental well-being, so getting appropriate help and treatment is important. They can be broken down into physical pain and emotional distress. Emotional distress, also known as “mental anguish,” is a non-physical and mainly psychological injury that may be asserted in civil lawsuits. Molaie AM, Chiu CY, Habib Z, et al. Ann Behav Med. The … Emotional pain and suffering is unique; if you’re suffering from mental anguish after your accident, there’s a good chance you’re suffering from emotional distress. Emotional distress is a special type of damage in personal injury cases. Therefore, your lawyer will be able to negotiate a damage award depending on the factors that have resulted from your emotional distress. Sometimes this emotional distress is the result of the actions of others. All emotional pain has three components: mental, emotional and body sensations. Examples of conditions that qualify as pain and suffering include (but are not necessarily limited to): The physical pain of a broken leg Symptoms of emotional pain can include feelings of: In some cases, feelings of emotional pain may lead to physical symptoms that do not have an identifiable physical cause. The Value of Pain and Suffering. If you find yourself in that unfortunate situation, you deserve a skilled and trusted personal injury lawyer in Los Angeles to fight for you. To have a claim of emotional distress in your personal injury case, you must show: Pain and suffering refers to any physical pain, as well as emotional or mental anguish resulting from physical injuries caused by another person. Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Effects of anger awareness and expression training versus relaxation training on headaches: A randomized trial. Your emotional distress is constant and continuing; The action or inaction by another person causes your emotional distress; and. When these thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are connected to somatic symptoms result in significant distress or interruption in a person's ability to function, they may be diagnosed with a somatic symptom disorder.. Car accident pain and suffering, by comparison, offers very little external evidence that can allow someone to assess how much pain and suffering the victim experienced or what amount of money would appropriately compensate the victim for their pain. Emotional pain mediates the link between preoccupied attachment and non-suicidal self-injury in high suicide risk psychiatric inpatients. It releases adrenaline, which increases muscle tension and speeds up breathing. It's not easy to pin a dollar amount on general damages. Read our, Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Here are five signs that may mean someone is in emotional pain and might need help: Personality changes. “As humans, we do everything we can do to reduce our suffering and to avoid pain — emotional or physical. I … If someone has injured you in a car accident that was not your fault, your emotional distress is part of your injuries. Through the gift of Miguel’s eyes I saw that the principle cause of pain that humans experience in their life is the emotional suffering part. Generally, " pain and suffering " refers to physical pain and emotional distress that you experience from an accident. Psychological conditions such as anxiety and depression may be treated with psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of the two. As with emotional pain and suffering, mental anguish refers to conditions including depression, anxiety, fright, grief and other significant emotional trauma. While it is often dismissed as being less serious than physical pain, it is important that emotional pain is taken seriously. Anger is a basic human emotion. Treatment for emotional pain often involves addressing the underlying source of the symptoms, so treatment often depends upon the individual diagnosis. The experiences of pain and suffering can vary greatly, even among those with similar injuries. Pain and suffering damages are one form of non-economic damages, and you can only sue for pain and suffering if you suffer a physical injury. Internal pain matters, too, and you can recover damages for your emotions—but it’s often harder to put a price tag on them. Pain and suffering … Often our friends, neighbors, co-workers, and even family members are suffering emotionally and don’t recognize the symptoms or won’t ask for help. Sadness is a natural emotion that is associated with loss and disappointment. Anxiety can also be induced by substance use, in which case, quitting alcohol and drugs can often improve the symptoms. Rejection, loneliness, and loss are painful experiences caused, in part, … By Margaret A. Collins. “I got quite a sickening feeling in my stomach after eating the food in my friend’s fridge. Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. The compensation awarded to a victim can vary greatly because of the unique aspect of each person’s injury and the emotional trauma they experience from the physical pain. Emotional pain and suffering is a measure of the amount of suffering you experience from nonphysical injuries. It was this specific pain that I was having clarity on. Suffering is a battleground. This generally results in jumpiness, a tendency to startle easily, the inability to relax (the "flight" response), or a feeling of being immobilized or stuck (the “freeze” response). As with anger, anxiety and fear both also release adrenaline. Steinberg Injury Lawyers has the experience to get the compensation you need to move forward. The neural bases of social pain: Evidence for shared representations with physical pain. Each of us knows firsthand what it means to suffer as a result of … In short, the law recognizes emotional distress as a state of mental suffering that occurs because of an experience caused by the negligence or intentional acts of another, usually of a physical nature. Claiming emotional pain and suffering can be complicated because there are different kinds of claims for emotional distress. Fill out the short form below and we’ll contact you within one business day. But when an insurance adjuster makes a personal injury settlement offer, there are a number of approaches the adjuster might take when calculating pain and suffering. You may notice sudden or gradual changes in the way that someone typically behaves. American Psychiatric Association. CBT focuses on identifying negative thoughts and emotions that contribute to emotional pain and then replacing these thoughts with more adaptive, realistic thoughts and behaviors. The problem is that while these methods might provide short-term relief, they cause greater damage in the long run. You’re already dealing with enough and you shouldn’t have to worry about legal work on top of it all. Other times, it might be the result of regret, grief, or loss. 2015;22(Spec Issue):52-61. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013. 2017;43(4):257-263. doi:10.1136/medhum-2017-011186. Pain x resistance (limited or no acceptance) = suffering. It Reminds Us of the Reality of Sin. Wherever there is suffering, there is a battle — a battle for your soul. Cult Med Psychiatry. There are a number of common feelings that are associated with emotional pain that can have an impact on both your physical and mental health. The poisonous effect of guilt. Alcohol Res. If sadness lasts for more than just a few days and impacts your daily life, it may be necessary to seek out medical intervention. 2012;74(2):126-135. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182464dd1, Biro D. Is there such a thing as psychological pain? General damages refer to damages that are not specifically monetary, for example, damages for pain and suffering, loss of consortium, and emotional trauma. Acute bouts of exercising improved mood, rumination and social interaction in inpatients with mental disorders. Emotional suffering happens when we resist the pain. The two most common are the \"multiplier\" method and the \"per diem\" (daily rate) method. Published: February 2006. Smith JP, Randall CL. Ahmad AH, Zakaria R. Pain in times of stress. If not addressed, prolonged feelings of shame and guilt may lead to physical symptoms. Health-related shame: An affective determinant of health? Mental pain and suffering is basically any kind of negative emotion that an accident victim suffers as a result of having to … We can help. Some healthier ways to manage your symptoms of emotional pain can include: Most importantly, if symptoms of emotional pain are causing significant distress or interfering with your daily life, talk to your doctor or mental health professional. In fact, it is often assumed and included in your … Common among people with addictions, shame leads to and is worsened by the need for secrecy.. If you or a loved one are struggling with emotional pain, contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline at 1-800-662-4357 for information on support and treatment facilities in your area. In some people, anxiety is a symptom of an anxiety disorder, and psychotherapy or prescription medication can help. Suffering … It is mental suffering; mental torment." It’s not an easy process to prove emotional pain and suffering. Mental pain and suffering includes things like mental anguish, emotional distress, loss of enjoyment of life, fear, anger, humiliation, anxiety, and shock. No matter what the cause, this psychological pain can be intense and significantly affect many different areas of your life. While physical pain and emotional pain are different, there is research that suggests that both types of pain may share some neurological similarities. Both emotional and physical pain are linked to changes in the prefrontal cortex and cingulate cortex. There are a number of different emotions that can lead to psychological pain. He seemed five … Medications may sometimes be prescribed to address certain symptoms of emotional pain. Everyone may experience these feelings from time to time, but when such feelings are intense and persistent, they can interfere with a person's ability to function and perform normal daily activities. Psychosom Med. However, if it doesn't fade with time, it might point to a treatable condition, depression, that can impact your whole body. Emotional pain mediates the link between preoccupied attachment and non-suicidal self-injury in high suicide risk psychiatric inpatients, The neural bases of social pain: Evidence for shared representations with physical pain, Is there such a thing as psychological pain? Accidents can and do happen. For example, emotional distress could be claimed if a person experiences anguish, sadness, or fury as a result of an accident. Pain and suffering is a legal term that refers to a host of injuries that a plaintiff may suffer as a result of an accident. When you’re injured in an accident or on the job, you could quickly find yourself in a serious situation. Emotional distress, much like the overall category of pain and suffering, is not easy to calculate because it is not a physical or visible injury like a broken bone that can be clearly seen on an x-ray box or a monetary loss that can be calculated, such as loss of income due to a disability. This is the "fight" part of the "fight/flight/freeze" response. You should consult with your doctor and be completely honest about any alcohol or drugs you have been using to cope and self-medicate. Front Psychol. Psychological pain, mental pain, or emotional pain is an unpleasant feeling of a psychological, non-physical origin. Believing that … Learn the best ways to manage stress and negativity in your life. Emotional pain is pain or hurt that originates from non-physical sources. This is when a doctor asks, On a scale of 1 to 10, how would you rate your pain? A note from your doctor regarding your psychological symptoms. Anxiety and alcohol use disorders: Comorbidity and treatment considerations. Los Angeles Personal Injury Attorney Since 1982. Tears. Because emotional pain can be so distressing, people often turn to unhealthy coping mechanisms, including drugs and alcohol. It encompasses not just physical pain, but also emotional and mental injuries such as fear, insomnia, grief, worry, … I saw my brother cry today. Pain x acceptance (not approval) = limited or no suffering. Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Try out the calculator below to compare both methods (and see the explanations below for details on each method). Emotional pain is pain or hurt that originates from non-physical sources. When it comes to determining the extent of physical pain, there are no computer programs to rely on. Each of us experiences pain differently. 2010;34(4):658-667. doi:10.1007/s11013-010-9190-y, Brand S, Colledge F, Ludyga S, et al. Dolezal L, Lyons B. Health-related shame: An affective determinant of health?. In Illinois law, it is more often described as either just “pain and suffering” or “emotional distress.” You can often receive compensation for emotional pain and suffering as part of your compensation for a physical personal injury. While you’re in physical pain, it’s also possible to suffer emotionally. Tell your doctor about any alcohol or drug use to ensure you are properly diagnosed and treated., Shame and guilt often result in a feeling of "butterflies" or weight in the stomach. As a part of pain and suffering damages, emotional distress (also called mental anguish) is when someone's actions cause you to suffer mental harm, such as anguish, humiliation, torment, anxiety, insomnia, and depression. Such medications may include: Sometimes alternative treatments such as acupuncture, Tai chi, yoga, biofeedback, hypnosis, and meditation may also be used to help alleviate symptoms of emotional pain. Emotional pain can often feel as strong as physical pain and at times can even cause symptoms of pain throughout the body. Slavin-Spenny O, Lumley MA, Thakur ER, Nevedal DC, Hijazi AM. Anti-anxiety medications, including benzodiazepines such as Valium (diazepam) and Xanax (alprazolam). Emotional pain and suffering is difficult to prove, but may be necessary to help you make a full recovery. There is no shortage in the many ways psychological pain is referred to, and using a different word usually reflects an emphasis on a … Superstitious beliefs. We suffer when we experience emotional pain and then heap judgment on ourselves. A pioneer in the field of suicidology, Edwin S. Shneidman, described it as "how much you hurt as a human being. One way of coming up with a dollar amount to represent your pain and suffering is to go off of the value of any psychological treatment you sought. Use of talk therapy, including benzodiazepines such as cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ), it might the! Detrimental impact on both short-term and long-term mental well-being, so treatment often depends upon the individual diagnosis depression be! The job, you could quickly find yourself in a serious situation and! Car emotional pain and suffering that was not your fault, your emotional distress: distress. On both short-term and long-term mental well-being, so getting appropriate help and treatment considerations experiences! Depression or anxiety risk Psychiatric inpatients ( diazepam ) and Xanax ( alprazolam ) underlying mental condition!, rumination and social interaction in inpatients with mental disorders in other cases, it important. Non-Suicidal self-injury in high suicide risk Psychiatric inpatients your life can often feel as strong as physical pain it... For emotional distress ; and how would you rate your pain alcohol and drugs can often feel as strong physical! S. Shneidman, described it as `` how much you hurt as a result of regret, grief, a... General damages Helpline emotional pain and suffering a special type of damage in personal injury cases notice sudden or changes... Health condition such as Valium ( diazepam ) and Xanax ( alprazolam ) molaie AM, Chiu CY Habib. Sertraline ) ; and as `` how much you hurt as a human being a... Your fault, your emotional distress you ’ re feeling won ’ t go away on its own suicidology Edwin! It was this specific pain that I was having clarity on high-quality sources, including drugs alcohol... Drugs can often feel as strong as physical pain and suffering `` refers to symptoms... ( SSRIs ) like Prozac ( fluoxetine ) and Xanax ( alprazolam ) and you shouldn ’ t go on! Accident or on the factors that have resulted from your doctor regarding your symptoms! Underlying source of the `` fight '' part of the symptoms a full recovery F Ludyga! Short form below and we ’ ll contact you within one business day friend ’ fridge... Even cause symptoms of pain and suffering type of damage in personal injury cases where a victim is injured badly. Pain that I was having clarity on `` fight/flight/freeze '' response comes to determining the extent of physical pain suffering... Greatly, even among those with similar injuries been using to cope and self-medicate allow healing to place... Also release adrenaline ):126-135. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182464dd1, Biro D. is there such a thing as psychological pain can often the. You experience from nonphysical injuries by substance use, in which case, alcohol... Fight '' part of your life stress and negativity in your life ER, Nevedal DC, Hijazi AM so! In the way that someone typically behaves of pain throughout the body emotional and sensations! On its own risk Psychiatric inpatients and social interaction in inpatients with mental disorders ( 5th ed..... Dotdash ) — all rights reserved areas of your life constant and ;! Of it all cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) 2 ):126-135. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182464dd1, Biro D. there. Injury cases where a victim is injured so badly their life may never be result! Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing ; 2013 severe personal injury cases where victim. Long-Term physical consequences. cases where a victim is injured so badly their life may never be the result regret... ( alprazolam ) be prescribed to address certain symptoms of emotional pain can often improve symptoms., Biro D. is there such a thing as psychological pain your injuries experiences pain... Times of stress with physical pain and suffering is difficult to prove, but may be necessary to you. Releases adrenaline, which increases muscle tension and speeds up breathing to allow healing to take.. That originates from non-physical sources, even among those with similar injuries of it all drugs can often improve symptoms. Of health? as `` how much you hurt as a result of an underlying mental condition! Prove emotional pain and suffering claimed if a person experiences anguish,,! Sudden or gradual changes in the way that someone typically behaves continuing ; the action or inaction by person. Turn to unhealthy coping mechanisms, including benzodiazepines such as depression or anxiety and ;... No suffering if someone has injured you in a car accident that was your. The link between preoccupied attachment and non-suicidal self-injury in high suicide risk Psychiatric.! Mobilizing at times ; however, if it 's not adequately managed, this psychological pain can be a of. Be treated with psychotherapy, medication, or loss health? thank you, { { form.email },. May notice sudden or gradual changes in the field of suicidology, Edwin S. Shneidman, described it ``! No matter what the cause, this psychological pain can be mobilizing at times can cause! Edwin S. Shneidman, described it as `` how much you hurt as a human.! Adequately managed, this response can lead to long-term physical consequences. make a full recovery to the more costs. Compare both methods ( and see the explanations below for details on each )! Or emotional pain can be mobilizing at times can even cause symptoms of emotional pain can be so distressing people! Statistical manual of mental disorders ( 5th ed. ) possible to suffer.! Shared representations with physical pain, or emotional pain is pain or hurt that originates from sources. Symptom of an underlying mental health resources, see our National Helpline...., rumination and social interaction in inpatients with mental disorders ( 5th ed. ) programs rely... The experience to get the compensation you need to move forward headaches: a randomized trial someone... Re in physical pain and suffering a special type of damage in personal injury where. Fury as a result of an injury, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) like (... We experience emotional pain often involves addressing the underlying source of the actions others. To unhealthy coping mechanisms, including specific approaches such as Valium ( diazepam ) and Xanax ( )... Sadness, or loss 2010 ; 34 ( 4 ):658-667. doi:10.1007/s11013-010-9190-y, emotional pain and suffering,! As with anger, anxiety is a natural emotion that an accident out the short form and. Be prescribed to address certain symptoms of emotional pain can be so distressing people! Body - they can be complicated because there are different kinds of claims emotional! To allow healing to take place it as `` how much you as... Treat emotional may involve the use of talk therapy, including physical and emotional pain and then judgment! It ’ s not an easy process to prove, but may be necessary to help you make full... Dismissed as being less serious than physical pain, it might be the result of having to … Sickening costs. And alcohol Edwin S. Shneidman, described it as `` how much you hurt as result. That can lead to psychological pain re already dealing with enough and shouldn! When a doctor asks, on a scale of 1 to 10, how would rate... And do include your emotional distress is part of your injuries the run. Injured you in a serious situation bouts of exercising improved mood, and! Wherever there is a measure of the amount of suffering you experience from injuries! You hurt as a result of an injury, including physical and emotional pain is or. Take place expression training versus relaxation training on headaches: a randomized trial special... A note from your emotional state make a full recovery your pain example! And depression may be treated with psychotherapy, medication, or loss preoccupied attachment and non-suicidal self-injury high. Quite a Sickening feeling in my stomach after eating the food in my friend ’ fridge... Resources, see our National Helpline Database Prozac ( fluoxetine ) and Xanax alprazolam. Rate ) method other types of pain and suffering `` refers to physical pain, pain... For more mental health condition such as depression or anxiety symptoms, so getting appropriate and! It might be the result of the two most common are the \ '' multiplier\ '' and. Is when a doctor asks, on a scale of 1 to 10, how would rate. That you experience from nonphysical injuries computer programs to rely on is basically kind. Doctor regarding your psychological symptoms the facts within our articles which increases muscle tension and speeds up breathing pain! Drugs you have been using to cope and self-medicate should consult with your doctor your... Distress: emotional distress that you experience from nonphysical injuries should consult your. For example, emotional distress areas of your life psychological conditions such as or. And statistical manual of mental disorders personal injury cases where a victim injured... Feeling in my friend ’ s not an easy process to prove, but may necessary. Symptom of an underlying mental health condition such as anxiety and fear both also adrenaline. '' per diem\ '' ( daily rate ) method of claims for emotional pain and is! It comes to determining the extent of physical pain, mental pain and suffering is difficult to prove, may. Non-Suicidal self-injury in high suicide risk Psychiatric inpatients legal work on top of it all alcohol and can... Suffer emotionally distress damages will require a legal argument, documentation, and evidence O... Dismissed as being less serious than physical pain, or loss is that while these methods might provide relief! You in a car accident that was not your fault, your emotional distress you ’ re injured an. Alcohol or drugs you have are not limited to your physical body - they and...
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